沼液施用量对小麦产量及土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of Biogas Slurry on Wheat Yield and the Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil

为给沼液循环利用提供科学理论依据，以‘扬麦16’为材料，研究了沼液施用量对小麦群体质量、产量及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明，与对照处理（不施沼液CK）相比，施用沼液能增加小麦分蘖数和分蘖成穗率，随着沼液施用量的增加SPAD值、叶面积指数、干物质积累量也相应提高；施用沼液处理土壤容重下降，孔隙度增加，其中TR5（基肥60000kg／hm^2沼液＋150kg／hm^2尿素）和TR6（75000kg／hm^2沼液＋150kg／hm^2尿素）处理土壤容重达到了1．0g／cm^3以下。施用沼液可明显提高土壤氮磷钾含量，最大增幅分别为15．3％（全氮）、34．5％（有效磷）、16．2％（缓效钾）；施用沼液处理均较对照增产，且差异达极显著水平，其中TR5（基肥60000kg／hm^2沼液＋150kg／hm^2尿素）处理小麦产量最高，达6525．00kg／hm^2，比对照产量高6．5％。沼液施用量以60000-75000kg／hm^2之间效果较佳。

To provide scientific support for the recycle of biogas slurry, we investigated the effects of biogas slurry on the grain quality, grain yield of wheat and soil properties under the field experimental conditions, using ＇Yangrnai 16＇ as the experiment material. The results showed that biogas slurry could increase tiller number, percentage of earbearing tiller, compared with no biogas treatment （CK）. In addition, the contents of chlorophyll SPAD value, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation had a corresponding increase with the increase of the application rates of biogas slurry. With application rates of biogas slurry increasing, soil bulk density had a decline tendency but porosity was increased. Among all treatments, the soil bulk density of TR5 （biogas slurry of 60000 kg/hm^2 ＋ Urea of 150 kg/hm^2） and TR6 （biogas slurry of 75000 kg/hm^2 ＋ Urea of 150 kg/hm^2） had reached 1.0 g/cm^3. The biogas slurry could significantly increase soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, with the largest rate of rise 15.29% for total nitrogen, 34.55% for available phosphorus, and 16.18% for slowly available K, respectively. Biogas fertilizer with 60000 kg/hm^2 had the highest yield, reaching 6525.00 kg/hm^2, 6.5% higher than the yield of control treatment. The apphcation rates of biogas slurry ranged best value for spreading.