中国苎麻的起源、分布与栽培利用史

Origin, Distribution of Boehmeria nivea and Its History of Cultivation and Utilization in China

苎麻是中国重要的韧皮纤维作物。通过对中国苎麻出土文物、古籍记载和起源中心分析,指出苎麻起源于中国的云贵高原;根据苎麻种质资源在中国的分布,归纳出苎麻属植物主要分布于云南、广西、广东、四川和贵州等省区,并可被分为5个组群;基于对古籍资料的分析,提出中国苎麻栽培的历史可分为秦汉以前、秦汉至隋唐、宋元时期、明清时期4个时期,总结了中国古代苎麻栽培技术以及中国苎麻向世界的传播;回顾了中国古代对苎麻的利用,包括纤维利用、药用、食用和饲用。研究分析苎麻在中国的起源、分布和物种资源,全面论述中国苎麻的栽培与利用历史,为保持和进一步拓展中国苎麻这一传统优势特产提供科学依据。

Ramie is a kind of important bast fiber crops in China. This paper pointed out that ramie originated from Yungui Plateau of China, based on the analysis of the unearthed cultural relics, records of ancient books and the origin center of ramie. Chinese Boehmeria plants mainly distributed in the provinces as Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan and Guizhou, and could be divided into 5 groups. According to the records in the ancient books, cultivation history of ramie could be divided into 4 periods in China： before Qin-Han dynasties, from Qin-Han dynasties to Sui-Tang dynasties, Song-Yuan dynasties, and Ming-Qing dynasties. Cultivation techniques and spreading of ramie to the world in ancient China were also summarized. The multiple utilizations of ramie in ancient China, including fiber, medicinal, edible and forage uses were reviewed. The review about the origin, distribution, species resources, as well as utilization and cultivation history of ramie in ancient China provided scientific supports for keeping and expanding the superiority of ramie, the historical and exclusive local products of China.