网络攻击中国家责任的判别标准

The Discriminant Test of State Responsibility in Cyber Attack

网络攻击是一个极其复杂的热门话题,在互联网非中心化的结构中,确定发动网络攻击的个人与国家之间的关系,系确定网络攻击引发的国家责任的关键。关于这种归因性问题,主要有国际法院主导的有效控制标准和前南国际刑事法庭主导的一般控制标准之争。然而,二者的争论仅仅是一般意义上的探讨,具体适用于网络攻击违反国际人道法的行为,会发现二者都存在难以逾越的技术性障碍。另一种思路是,从谨慎注意义务的角度入手,追究国家不作为的责任。

Cyber attack is a hot -debated and extremely complicated issue to date .To detect and identify the relationship between the individual launching the attack and the alleged wrongful state , is pivotal for imputing re-sponsibility to the state , in the contemporary context of a decentralized network system .As for the attributability , there is competition of the effective control test vis -a-vis overall control test .The International Court of Justice initiated the former , while the latter endorsed by the jurisprudence of International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia.The debate is, however, of significance on the level where general international law goes .It is clear that insurmountable technical impediments do exist when we discuss their application in the milieu of cyber attack . Hence here comes a third way , namely to concentrate the duty of due diligence and to attribute responsibility to states for their omissions .