呼吸内科老年患者焦虑抑郁情绪发生情况及其干预方法研究

Intervention Methods of Anxiety and Depression in Elderly Patients in Respiratory Department

目的 观察呼吸内科老年患者焦虑抑郁情绪发生情况及其干预方法.方法 选择2011年1月-2013年11月我院住院的呼吸内科老年患者275例,其中伴发焦虑抑郁情绪者96例,将96例患者随机分为干预组（56例）和对照组（40例）.对照组给予常规治疗和护理,干预组在常规治疗与护理基础上实施综合性护理干预,包括：健康教育、心理护理、药物与吸氧治疗护理、饮食护理及出院指导等.观察干预前后（6周）两组焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分、抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分、临床症状积分及肺功能相关指标[包括第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比（FEV1％）及FEV1/FVC]变化.结果 呼吸内科老年患者焦虑抑郁情绪的发生率为34.91％ （96/275）.干预前两组SAS评分、SDS评分、临床症状积分、FEV1/FVC、FEV1及FEV1％比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;干预后干预组SAS评分、SDS评分及临床症状积分低于对照组,FEV1/FVC、FEV1及FEV1％均高于对照组（P＜0.01）.结论 呼吸内科老年患者存在着焦虑抑郁情绪,综合性护理干预可显著改善其焦虑抑郁情绪、肺功能及提高临床疗效,是呼吸内科老年患者治疗与康复的有效干预措施.

Objective To observe the intervention methods of anxiety and depression in elderly patients in respiratory department. Methods 96 elderly patients with anxiety and depression admitted to our hospital＇s respiratory department from January 2011 to January 2013 were randomly divided into intervention group （56 cases） and control group （40 cases） . Control group was given conventional treatment and nursing care, intervention group was given comprehensive nursing care on basis of control group, including health education, psychological nursing, medicine and oxygen therapy nursing, diet nursing and discharge guidance. The SAS, SDS, clinical symptom scores and FEV1, FVC, FEV1 % and FEV1/FVC between two groups before and after intervention were observed. Results The incidence of anxiety and depression in respiratory department was 34. 91% （96/275） . Before intervention, there was no significant difference of SAS score, SDS score, clinical symptom score, FEV1/ FVC, FEV1 and FEV1% between two groups （ P 〉 0.05 ） ; after intervention, the SAS score, SDS score, clinical symptom score in intervention group were lower than those of control group, FEV1/FVC, FEV1 and FEV1% were higher （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion Elderly patients in respiratory department have anxiety and depression. Comprehensive nursing care can improve the anxiety and depression, lung function and enhance the clinical effect, is an effective intervention measure and rehabilitation treatment.