现代汉语新词语活力研究

The Vitality of Chinese New Words and Phrases

采用实地调查的方式,考察现代汉语新词语在大学生群体中的活力。结果显示,新词语在大学生群体中的认识度较高,但使用率不高;新词语的词性、语义、构词方式、语言竞争规律等都影响其活力。总体来说,从语义上看,新词语所代表的概念或事物的生命力直接决定着新词语的活力;从词类来看,动词类新词语的活力大于名词类新词语;从构词方式看,派生类词语的认知度较高,而标数类新词语的认知度较低;从语言竞争机制看,如果汉语词汇系统中已有与新词语意义相同或高度相近的词汇,那么新词语的活力将会很弱。

Based on the fh＇st hand investigated data, the present research studies the vitality of Chinese new words and new phrases among university students. It finds that the Chinese new words and new phrases have a high inactive vitality but low active vitality among university student. Those factors such as parts of speech, the signified of a word or a phrase, word formation and the competition among Chinese language system affect the vitality of a given new word or new phrase. As to parts of speech of new words or new phrases, verbs have strong vitalities than nouns; as to the signified of new words or new phrase, those new words or new phrases whose concepts have strong vitality have strong vitality; as to word formation, those new words or new phrases which are formed by the method of number summary （a kind of acronym） have weaker vitalities than others, while those that are created by the method of affixation have stronger inactive abilities than others; as to the competition among Chinese language system, if the new words or new phrases have the similar meaning with some old words or phrases, those new words or new phrases have the weakest vitality.