林纾的认同危机如何形成——从民初的“新旧之争”谈起兼谈中国文学的现代性

On the Formation of Lin Su's Identity Crisis:a discussion on the modernity of Chinese literature

钱玄同和刘半农在《新青年》上发表"双簧信",对林纾进行了大肆的贬损,后来林纾发表小说对新文化派给予回击。林纾的双重角色导致了他在新旧之争中的认同危机:小说翻译和创作显示了与主流知识分子文化身份上的"重合",但他的观点一开始就与新文化派相背离,而新文化派又拒绝从文化身份上认同他。认同危机形成的原因主要有二:一是清末民初多数知识分子的双重文化身份:既是传统士人又是现代文人;二是知识分子的双重文化心态:面对西方文明的调和或激进态度。民初的新旧之争是关于文化话语霸权的论争,"新"和"旧"的问题导向的是"现代"与"传统"的问题。

Qian Xuan-tong and Liu Ban-nong published ＂a letter to Lin Su＂ in the New Youth and made derogatory remarks on Lin Su. Later on, Lin Su fought back by his new story. The dual role of Lin Su led to his identity crisis in the dispute between new and old： although Lin＇s novel translation and writing showed the coincidence of cultural identity of the main stream intellectual, his views deviated from the school of new culture at the beginning. The school of new culture refused to accept him culturally. There were two main reasons： first, most intellectuals in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China had dual cultural identity of being both traditional and modern li- terati; second, they had dual cultural mentality of being both reconciled and radical towards Western civilization. The dispute between new and old in the early Republic of China was a debate about cultural discourse supremacy; the problem of ＂new＂ and ＂old＂ refers to the issue of ＂modern＂ and ＂tradition＂.