大学生睡眠质量及影响因素分析

A Study on Sleep Quality of Undergraduates and Its Affecting Factors

为了解大学生睡眠质量状况及影响因素,为有针对性地实施健康教育和指导提供参考依据,采用分层整群抽样方法,以匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表和自行设计调查表作为调查工具,对丽水学院抽取的1 420名在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果显示:大学生PSQI平均分为6.50±1.78,睡眠障碍者(PSQI≥8)324人,检出率为23.62%,男、女生睡眠障碍检出率分别为21.13%、25.87%,女生明显高于男生;睡眠质量问题在性别、城乡、学科、年级间都存在差异,女生的睡眠质量明显不如男生(P<0.01)、来自农村生源学生不如城镇生源学生(P<0.05)、文科类学生明显不如理科类学生(P<0.01)、大一大四学生明显不如大二大三学生(P<0.001)。睡眠质量问题主要表现在日间功能障碍、睡眠时间、睡眠质量、入睡时间等4个方面。有睡眠障碍大学生自评影响其睡眠质量因素,列前4位分别是睡眠环境、上网时间、作息规律和学习压力。认为大学生睡眠质量问题较为严重,学校领导和相关教师应给予高度关注。

The stratified cluster sampling method, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale and self-designed questionnaire were used in studying the sleep quality of undergraduates and its affecting factors so as to offer helpful reference and guidance to health education. 1 420 undergraduates at Lishui University constitute the subjects. The results indicate： the mean was 6.50±1.78, and the scores of 324 undergraduates were above 8, which constitutes 23.62% of the total （boys was 21.13, girls was 25.87）. Significant differences between sex, area, major, and grade were recorded. Boys were worse than girls （P〈0.01）, rural students were worse than urban students （P〈0.05）, arts students were worse than science students （P〈0.01）, grade 1 and 4 were worse than grade 2 and 3 （P〈0.001）.Daytime dysfunctions, sleep period, sleep quality, sleep time constitute the main problems. Sleep environment, internet time, daytime schedule, and learning pressure are the 4 top affecting factors. The problems of undergraduates＇ sleep quality were serious. Leadership and teachers of higher education institutions are suggested to pay due attention to the problems.