利用花绒寄甲防治越冬后松褐天牛试验

Biocontrol of the Overwinter Monochamus alternatus with Dastarcus helophoroides

为研究花绒寄甲对松褐天牛越冬后幼虫或蛹的控制作用以及在林间大规模防治的技术和方法,分别在室内和林间进行试验和验证。在室内试验中,花绒寄甲成虫和卵分别被释放在含有越冬后松褐天牛的木段上,而林间验证试验包括直立死树释放花绒寄甲成虫、伐倒死树释放花绒寄甲成虫、林间均匀释放花绒寄甲成虫和伐倒死树释放花绒寄甲卵4种处理。结果显示:在室内试验中,释放花绒寄甲成虫数量与侵入孔数量比例为1∶1时,天敌对松褐天牛的防治效果为91.23%;释放花绒寄甲卵数量与侵入孔数量比例为16∶1时,其对松褐天牛的防治效果为91.18%。在林间试验中,当成虫的释放量与侵入孔比例为1∶1时,直立死树上释放花绒寄甲成虫处理的控制效果为66.02%,伐倒死树上释放成虫处理控制效果为91.16%。林间均匀释放成虫处理中,1年后释放量为3 750头·hm-2的样地内花绒寄甲对松褐天牛的控制效果为83.68%,最佳释放比例为0.547 5∶1(释放量∶侵入孔数);伐倒死树释放卵处理中,释放花绒寄甲卵数量与侵入孔数量比例为16∶1时,其对松褐天牛的控制效果为91.48%。花绒寄甲是松褐天牛老熟幼虫和蛹期的高效天敌,林间伐倒死树释放卵是最适合的防治方法。

To explore the control effects of Dastarcus helophoroides on overwintering larvae and pupae of Japanese pine sawyer Monochamus ahernatus and discuss the biocontrol techniques and methods in field, experiments in door and field were carried out. The adults and eggs of D. helophoroides were released on the logs infested by the overwintering M. alternatus in the indoor experiment. The four treatments were conducted in field： releasing D. helophoroides aduhs onto the dead erect trees, releasing adults onto the cut-down dead trees, releasing adults uniformly into fieht, and releasing eggs of D. helophoroides onto the cut-down dead trees. The results showed that when the ratio of the number of D. helophoroides adults released to the number of holes bored by larvae of M. alternatus （HBL） was 1 ： 1 in the indoor experiments, the control effect was 91.23% ; and when the proportion of the number of eggs released to the number of HBL was 16： 1, the control effect was 91. 18%. In the field tests, when the ratio of the number of D. helophoroides adults released to the quantity of HBL was 1： 1, the control effect on the erect trees was 66.02% and the control effect on the cut-down dead trees was 91. 16%. In the treatment of releasing adults uniformly into field, the control effect of the second year was 83.68% at the quantity of 3 750 adults per 1 hm2, and the best ratio of release was 0. 547 5：1. The control effect was 91.48% when ratio of eggs released to the numbers of HBL was 16：1 on the cut-down dead trees. It is concluded that D. helophoroides is the efficient natural enemy to the overwintering larvae and pupae of M. alternatus, and releasing eggs onto the cut-down dead trees is the best way to control this pest.