城市绿地生态服务功能价值评估——以北京林业大学为例

Evaluation of Ecological Service Function of Urban Green Space-Taking Beijing Forestry University as an Example

城市绿地是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,具有巨大的生态价值。以北京林业大学校园绿地为研究对象,选取涵养水源、保育土壤(固土、减淤、保肥)、固碳释氧(固碳、释氧)、净化大气环境(吸收SO2、滞尘)、生物多样性保护、温度调节等指标,应用影子工程法、机会成本法、等效替代法、碳税法、生产成本法、恢复费用法估算其生态服务功能价值。研究结果表明:北京林业大学校园绿地生态服务功能价值总量为755.830 78×104元/a;按价值排序依次为:温度调节>固碳释氧(固碳>释氧)>水源涵养>生物多样性保护>净化大气环境(滞尘>吸收SO2)>保育土壤(减少泥沙淤积>减少土壤侵蚀>保持土壤肥力)。绿地生态服务功能价值货币化使城市绿地的生态经济价值更加明确,体现途径更加直观,有助于提高绿化规划建设的合理性,增强居民保护绿地的意识。

Urban green space is an important component of urban ecosystem with great ecological value. Taking the green space of Beijing Forestry University campus as a research target, the shadow engineering method, opportunity cost method, equal-effect substitute method, carbon tax method, product cost method and recovery expense method are used to evaluate its ecological service function by choosing various indicators such as water conservation, soil conservation （soil fixation, sedi- ment reduction, fertility protection）, carbon fixation and oxygen release, atmosphere environmental purification （absorption of SO2 and dust）, biodiversity protection and air temperature adjustment. The results showed that the total value of green space ecosystem services of Beijing Forestry University campus was 755.830 78 x 104 RMB/a. By the values, the order is as follows： air temperature adjustment 〉 carbon fixation and oxygen release （carbon fixation 〉 oxygen released） 〉 water conservation 〉 biodiversity protection 〉 atmosphere environmental purification （dust 〉 absorption of SO2） 〉 soil conservation （sediment reduc- tion 〉 soil fixation 〉 fertility protection）. Monetary value of green space ecosystem services makes the ecological and economic values of urban green space more explicit and intuitive. It contributes to improving the rationality of planning and construction of green space and enhancing the awareness of residents in protecting green space.