1987—2012年安西自然保护区生物多样性对气候变化的响应初探

A Preliminary Study on Response of Biodiversity of Anxi Nature Reserve to Climate Changes in 1987—2012

生物多样性对气候变化的响应是研究区域生态环境演变的重要部分。为了分析甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区生物多样性对气候变化的响应趋势,笔者等选择保护区建区25年来温度和降水的变化情况及动植物资源的演变趋势,通过调查区域内动植物资源现状和总结区域25年以来年均温度和降水的变化趋势,与建区时保护区动植物资源概况进行对比。结果显示:保护区近25年来年均气温以升高趋势为主,21世纪初较20世纪80年代末升高0.989℃;年降水量整体上呈现下降趋势,21世纪初较20世纪80年代末减少3.3 mm。保护区荒漠植被出现群落面积减少、局部覆盖度下降、群落类型减少趋势;动物出现珍稀濒危数种减少、区系演变和动物种类数量减少的趋势。为掌握和应对气候变化对安西自然保护区生物多样性的影响提供了科学依据。

The response of biodiversity to the climate changes is an important part of the study of the evolution of regional ecological environment. An order to analyze the response of the hiodiversity in Anxi Extra-arid Desert National Nature Re- serve to the changes of climate in Gansu province, the changes of temperature and precipitation conditions as well as the evolution of plant and animal resources in the nature reserves since the establishment of the nature reserves 25 years ago were selected as indexes. We compared the current situation of the plant and animal resources of the natural reserve with the plant and animal resources within the natural reserves at the initial period of the nature reserve and summarized the changes of average temperature and precipitation conditions during past 25 years. The results show that a rise of the average annual temperature is the main trend in this area within 25 years and it is 0.989 ~C higher in the early 21st century than in the late 80＇s of 20 century. The annual precipitation is towards a .downward trend with a drop of 3.3 mm in the early 21st century than in the late 80＇s of 20 century. The area of the desert vegetation community, the coverage in part area and community species have dechned. The number of the species of rare and endangered animals has reduced. The flora evolu- tion and the number of animal species are also on a decline trend. It provides a scientific basis for grasping and responding to the effects of the climate change on the biological diversity in Anxi nature reserve.