基于土壤食物网的生态系统复杂性-稳定性关系研究进展

Research progress on ecosystem complexity-stability relationships based on soil food web

复杂性-稳定性关系是生态学核心问题之一。作为模式食物网,土壤食物网在探索生态系统复杂性-稳定性关系中起了极大的作用。总结了以Moore、de Ruiter、Neutel等为代表的理论生态学家以土壤食物网为工具研究生态系统复杂性-稳定性关系的方法、结论及不足之处,并展望了未来的发展方向。Moore、de Ruiter、Neutel等将土壤食物网功能群生物量数据、土壤食物网Lotka-Volterra模型和面向过程模型三者结合起来,描述相互作用强度大小格局、分室、能流组织形式等复杂性特征;将土壤食物网Lotka-Volterra模型与群落矩阵结合起来分析局域稳定性,进而探讨生态系统复杂性-稳定性关系的一般规律。在此基础上,Moore、de Ruiter、Neutel等证明了与随机食物网相比,真实食物网的相互作用强度格局、分室等复杂性特征提高了生态系统稳定性,生产力与稳定性共同决定了食物链的长度,并指出建立在平衡态基础上的静态土壤食物网模型在探索生态系统复杂性-稳定性关系方面具有较大的不足,动态土壤食物网是未来以土壤食物网为工具研究生态系统复杂性-稳定性关系的发展方向。

The relationships between complexity and stability are one of the central themes in ecology. As a model real food web, soil food web had been contributed a lot to the complexity-stability relationships. This paper reviewed the methods, results, deficiencies and perspectives of exploring ecosystem complexity-stability relationships based on soil food web that developed by Moore, de Ruiter and Neutel and other theoretical ecologists. The complexity of soil food web including interaction strengths and patterns, compartments, productivity and energetic organizations was described by incorporating the data of functional groups biomass with the Lotka-Volterra-based and process-oriented soil food web models, and the local stability was analyzed through linking the Lotka-Voherra-based soil food web mode with community matrix theory. After that, the general complexity-stability relationships in ecosystem can be discussed. Moore, de Ruiter and Neutel proved that compartments, the pattern of interaction strengths in real food web enhanced the ecosystem stability compared with random food web, and both the productivity and dynamic stability limited the food chain length. However, the complexity-stability relationships based on soil food web must be explored further because the description of complexity and atability was based on the equilibrium assumption and neglected the temporal and spatial variability in soil food web structure. Therefore, dynamic soil food web mode would be the direction of exploring ecosystem complexity-stability relationships by means of soil food web.