宋元像生伎艺及其在戏剧中的艺术功用

Skills of Xiangsheng in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and Its Artistic Use in Drama

像生是宋元市井伎艺,宋杂剧和金元院本中有像生节目,其含义与工艺像生有相通之处,是指艺人对天籁市声的模仿,以及对人们熟知的特定人物或艺术形象的模象仿形与拟态表演。模仿是人的本能,像生伎艺可溯源至原始人所效之"山林溪谷之音"及拟兽歌舞,此后的宗教仪式、歌舞百戏、优人表演甚至世俗生活中均有像生的实际运用。元杂剧和宋元南戏中吸收的像生伎艺具有特殊音效制造、戏剧情节推演、滑稽效果制造等艺术功用。

Xiangsheng is a civic art skill in the Song and Yuan Dynasties , which means the imita-tion of sounds and mimic performances of well-known figures or images.The skill of xiangsheng can trace back to primitive imitation of sounds in mountain valleys and animals , and it is used in reli-gious rites , dances and acrobatics , entertaining performances and even everyday life.Absorbed into the Yuan poetic drama and Southern Opera in Song and Yuan , the xiangsheng skill has such func-tions as making special sounds , deriving plots and facilitating comical effects.