2012年湖南省晚期血吸虫病流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of advanced schistosomiasis in Hunan Province,2012

目的：掌握湖南省晚期血吸虫病（晚血）的流行特征，为制定晚期血吸虫病防治策略和措施提供依据。方法采用断面调查和分析研究相结合的方法，对2012年湖南省晚期血吸虫病流行病学特征进行分析，比较晚血患者不同职业、年龄、文化程度与晚血的关系。结果2012年湖南省共有晚血患者5722例，其中男性为4112例（71.86%），女性1610例（28.14%）；来自血吸虫病流行区5311例（92.82%），非血吸虫病流行区411例（7.18%），全省血吸虫病流行区晚血患病率为8.46/万；晚血患者年龄最小17岁，最大92岁，平均年龄60.30±11.63岁，年龄构成以60～70岁例数最多（32.72%），不同年龄组晚血患者性别差异无统计学意义（t=0.018，P〉0.05）；临床类型中腹水型患者3595例（62.83%），巨脾型患者2107例（36.82%），侏儒型患者9例（0.16%），结肠增殖型患者11例（0.35%）。结论2012年湖南省晚期血吸虫病患病率基本稳定，患者年龄呈高龄化趋势，非血吸虫病疫区迁移性晚血患者的救助需引起重视。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of patients with advanced schistosomiasis in Hunan Province,so as to provide the evidence for formulating the advanced schistosomiasis prevention strategies and measures. Meth-ods The data of advanced schistosomiasis patients were collected and analyzed retrospectively with the cross section research method and description method in Hunan Province,2012. Results There were 5 722 advanced schistosomiasis patients in Hu-nan Province,and among them,4 112 patients were male（71.86%）,and 1 610 were female（28.14%）. Totally 5 311 patients came from the schistosomiasis endemic areas（92.82%）and 411 patients from non-schistosomiasis endemic areas（7.18%）. The prevalence rate of advanced schistosomiasis was 8.46/10 000. The mean age of advanced schistosomiasis patients was 60.30 ± 11.63 years,and the youngest was 17 years old and the oldest 92 years old. In the age composition of advanced schistosomiasis pa-tients,the greatest number of cases was in the 60-70 years age group （32.72%）. There were 3 595 cases of ascites type （62.83%）,2107 cases of splenomegaly type（36.82%）,11 cases of dwarf type（0.16%）,and 11 cases of colon proliferation type （0.35%）. Conclusion The prevalence rate of advanced schistosomiasis is relatively stable in Hunan Province,and the age of the patients showed an old aging trend. The salvation of advanced schistosomiasis patients in non-endemic areas should be strength-ened.