印度教师教育的历史变迁及主要特点

Development History and Main Features of Teacher Education in India

印度的教师教育萌芽于独立前早期尊师重教的文化传统和具有悠久历史的导生制，随后受制于英国的殖民统治，其教师培训系统在英国模式下逐步成长和发展。1947年印度独立后，教师教育开始了真正意义上的大发展，经历了20世纪50年代的初步发展期、60年代的改革与实验期、70年代的重构与成熟期。纵观其历史发展过程，印度教师教育呈现出不断确定教师角色与目标、适时更新课程体系、积极推动教师培训的正规化三大主要特点，目前已经走出了一条具有自身特点的发展道路。

Teacher education in India stemmed from early cultural tradition of respecting teachers and ancient tutorial system, which was later subjected to British colonial rules. After Indian independence in 1947, teachers＇ education finally started a big development in a real sense. India has taken some reform in teachers＇ education and experiments, which started from 1950s, and then developed under the condition that there were no clear national educational idea as well as goals. And after that, India reconstructed teachers＇ educational programs in the 1970s and made them more mature. The Indian government also set up a diversity of teachers＇ educational institutions so that the number of the teachers got a large-scale expansion. After the independence of India, after the 66-year-long development, it has now formed a multi-level, multi-type of primary and secondary school teachers＇ educational system.