煤炭资源开发生态保护补偿政策回顾与评析研究

Review and Analysis on Ecological Compensation Policy in Coal Resource Development

围绕煤炭资源开发中的生态环境问题,中国相继出台了一些资源生态环境补偿政策,建立起包括资源税费制度、环境影响评价制度、环境恢复治理保证金制度、三同时制度、排污收费制度在内的一些生态环境补偿法律制度,但现有的煤炭资源开发生态补偿制度存在法律体系和政策设计不完备,缺乏利益相关者的充分参与,部门化利益倾向,政策手段较为单一,生态补偿资金没有来源保障,缺乏统一的补偿标准等问题。为此,要不断健全生态补偿法律法规体系,将矿区开发的生态环境补偿纳入到法制化和市场化轨道,完善煤炭资源税费制度,建立健全公众参与机制,实现矿区的可持续发展。

According to environment problems encountered during the coal resource development, China government established a number of natural resources environment compensation policies and set up some environment compensation legal systems include nature resources tax and fee system, environmental impact assessment system, environment restoration and control margin system, simultaneity system, pollution discharge fee system. But the present coal resource development eeo -compensation system has the imperfection in legal system and policy design, such as lack of stakeholders＇ full involvement, departmentalization interest tendency, simple policy measures, failure of source guarantee for eeo - compensation fund and the missing of unified compensation standards. For all above problems, a continual perfection of eco - compensation laws and regulations system is needed, making mine environ- ment compensation fit into legalization and market track, completing coal resources tax and fee system, establishing and improving public participation mechanism; realizing sustainable development of mine lot.