突发需求下零售商占优型三级供应链协调分析

Coordination analysis on retailer-dominant three-level supply chain under disruption demand

在突发需求情形下,采用回购契约研究由一个制造商、一个分销商和一个零售商组成的三级供应链系统的协调问题,其中零售商占据主导地位。首先推导出三级供应链系统达到完全协调时满足的条件,然后重新设计了突发需求下供应链达到完全协调时的抗突发性回购契约函数。通过算例验证了模型的有效性。分析表明,只有零售商、制造商和分销商的利润函数分别为供应链系统总利润函数的仿射函数时,分散决策下的供应链系统运用回购契约才可以实现集中决策下的最优利润。突发需求会破坏原有系统的协调性。重新设计的抗突发性回购契约函数给出了突发需求下供应链系统的最优订货量函数,并且可以实现供应链系统在突发需求情形下的完全协调。

Based on buy-back contract, the coordination of a retailer-dominant three-level supply chain system consis- ted of one manufacturer, one distributor and one retailer was analyzed under the disruption demand situation. The conditions of complete coordination for the three-level supply chain system were derived. The buy-back contract with anti-disruption ability was redesigned to cope with the disruption demand. A numerical example was presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. The results showed that under decentralized decision-making, optimal profit for centralized decision-making could be realized by buy-back contract only on the condition that retailer, manu- facturer and distributor＇s profit function was the affine function of the supply chain system＇s total profit function re- spectively. The optimal order quantity function of the supply chain system under disruption demand was determined, and the perfect coordination of supply chain system under disruption demand situation could be achieved by the rede- signed buy-back contract with anti-disruption ability.