毛棉杜鹃和刺毛杜鹃在广州的生长特性研究

Growth of Rhododendron moulmainense and R. championae in Guangzhou

毛棉杜鹃 Rhododendron moulmainense 和刺毛杜鹃 R.championae 分布于我国长江以南海拔500～1500 m 的灌丛或疏林，是观赏价值较高的野生观花树木，但极少在城市园林中应用。文章比较研究了毛棉杜鹃和刺毛杜鹃在广州低海拔地区全阳与林下生境的生长表现与物候特点。结果表明：两种杜鹃花属植物在全阳坡地都有较高成活率，能正常开花结果，但夏季生长不良。林下生长的植株表现良好，但未见开花，反映了光照条件是两种植物花芽分化的重要条件。综合比较，毛棉杜鹃在广州的观赏效果和适应性要优于刺毛杜鹃。

Rhododendron moulmainense and R. championae are distributed in shrubland or open forest at the altitudes between 500 m and 1 500 m in areas south of the Yangtze River. They are native ornamental trees with beautiful flowers, but seldom grown in the urban landscape. Their growth performance and phenology characteristics in full light and under forest condition of Guangzhou were monitored. The results showed that both Rhododendron species had high survival rates in full light condition. They were able to bloom and fruit in the next spring, but they were vulnerable to heat in summer. While those in partial shade condition grew well, but did not flower. It indicated that light is important factor for their flower bud differentiation and development. By comprehensive comparison, R. moulmainense exhibited better ornamental effect and adaptability in Guangzhou than R. championae.