含无机粒子的多组分高分子体系:结构形成及应用

Multicomponent Polymer Materials Containing Inorganic Particles: Structure Formation and Applications

与传统的共聚物增容相比,无机粒子能够以较低的成本实现多组分高分子材料的高性能化及功能化,在新型材料的制备方面具有巨大的潜力,因此引起了学术界及产业界的广泛兴趣。该领域研究核心问题在于揭示纳米粒子对多组分高分子材料在加工条件下的形态控制机理。结合作者课题组的相关工作,从平衡增容和非平衡增容的角度,分别综述了国内外近年来在含无机粒子的多组分材料的结构形成机理及演化规律等方面的理论及实验研究进展,讨论了该领域研究中在实验现象及机理解释等方面存在的主要分歧与问题,建议下一步需要在粒子细节特性、流场条件、实验手段以及研究体系等方面深化研究。最后,对含无机粒子多组分高分子材料在导热/导电、能源、生物等功能材料制备领域中的一些潜在应用进行了简单介绍。

Compared with copolymer compatibilizer, inorganic particles possess greater potential in preparing new multi- component polymeric materials with high performance and versatile functional applications at lower cost. Therefore, rele- vant researches have drawn intensive academic and industrial interest in the last decade. The key challenge in this field is to reveal the mechanism of inorganic particles controlling the muhiphase morphology of polymer blends during processing. In this paper, recent experimental and theoretical progress in the morphological control of multicomponent polymer materi- als using inorganic particles, including equilibrium compatilization and non-equilibrium compatilization, is reviewed. Spe- cial emphasis is put on the microstructure formation mechanism and their evolution in the presence of inorganic particles. Moreover, the deficiencies in experimental phenomena and compatibilization mechanisms existed in the present studies are discussed. Several possible research directions which might be scientifically important are also suggested. Finally, the po- tential applications of these materials in several functional fields are briefly introduced.