超高分子量聚乙烯人工关节研究进展

The Research Progress of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene for Artificial Joint

人工关节是替代病变或损伤关节的植入性假体,除了应满足生物相容性要求外,必须具有足够的耐磨损性能、力学性能和抗氧化性能等。超高分子量聚乙烯因其自身优良的理化性能而被广泛应用于人工关节置换用材料。但随着超高分子量聚乙烯人工植入体使用时间的延长会导致其不同形式的失效,如磨损引起的骨质溶解,给骨科患者生活带来不便。综述了国内外提高超高分子量聚乙烯人工关节植入体综合性能而对材料进行改性处理的各种方法,包括辐照交联、热处理、加入抗氧剂等。最后总结了通过调控流动场诱导形成自增强结构,来改善人工关节植入体力学性能的最新进展,并展望了超高分子量聚乙烯人工关节高性能化的未来研究方向。

Artificial joints acting as implants to replace diseased or injured human joints should possess good wear resist- ance, mechanical properties and oxidative stability besides biocompatibility. Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene （UHMWPE） has been widely used for artificial implants because of its excellent chemical and physical properties. How- ever, different forms of failure of HHMWPE artificial joints would happen during long time using, such as peri-prosthetic osteolysis secondary to wear of UHMWPE components, leading to inconvenience for orthopaedic patients. This review summarized methods for improving the comprehensive properties of UHMWPE implant, including radiation cross-linking, thermal treatment, adding anticxidants. The review also summarized latest progress on improving mechanical properties of the implant through induced formation of self-reinforced structure in flow field, and also prospected the research direction of high performance artificial joint in the future.