最高人民法院如何执行公共政策——以应对金融危机的司法意见为分析对象

How the Supreme People's Court Implement Public Policies

法院不仅仅具有适用法条解决纠纷的功能,而且还具有根据具体情势去准确、恰当地适用法律从而推进公共政策得以执行的功能。最高人民法院印发的一系列应对金融危机的公共政策对于保障公民生存权的的确确起到了重要的作用,并以实际行动践行了能动主义的司法哲学。但是,最高人民法院制定的应对金融危机的司法文件与国务院办公厅制定的相关文件呈现出亦步亦趋的特点。这种一一映射式地线性执行方式建立在社会功能分化不充分的前提上。法律系统应当是社会功能分化的一个独立的次系统,其运作应当是一个相对封闭的内部过程。就政府公共政策的执行而言,法院应当首先保持一种较为克制的态度,并通过宪法这一结构耦合机制形成司法在自治前提下的开放性。

The court not only has the function of application of law, but also has the function of implementing public policies. The public policies by the supreme people＇s court to response to financial crisis played an important role to protect the right to life. But it copies the policies by General Office of the State Council, the pattern of which is based on the inade- quacy of social function differentiation. Legal system should be an independent second - level system in a function differen- tiation society. The court shall keep a kind of relatively restrained attitude to implement public policies and form some judicial openness by the structure coupling mechanism of the constitution.