行纪中的给付障碍和法律救济——兼论《合同法》相关规则的问题及解决

Legal Remedies for Defaults of Performance in Commission

对应于行纪之三人法律关系,在给付障碍的问题上,亦应当区分三个层面,即行纪人与第三人之间之实行行为层面的给付障碍,行纪人与委托人之间之行纪关系层面的给付障碍,以及行纪人与委托人之间之清算了结关系层面的给付障碍。在第一个层面,需要建立第三人损害清算制度,以此突破法律关系相对性的限制;在第二个层面,适用债法的一般性法律制度,通常为行纪法规制的重点;在第三个层面,需要正确认识行纪人的交付义务与佣金请求权和费用偿还请求权之间的法律关系,即交付义务与佣金请求权之间存在关联关系,而与费用偿还请求权则不具有关连性。委托人在主张权利方面,必须注意承认拟制和时效方面的限制。

In accordance with three -person -relation in commission, man should differentiate three levels in defaults of performance ： defaults in relation between commssion agent and third person on operating level, defaults in relation between commssion agent and principal on commission level, and defaults in relation between commission agent and principal on liquidation level. In the first level, the system for liquidation of third - party damages should be established; the second level, general rules for law of obligations be applied; and the third level, the relation between commissioner＇s duty of delivery and his rights of requesting commission and expenses should be rightly regarded. As to the principal, certain attention must be paid to limits of fiction and statutory limitation while requesting his rights.