杜威对价值哲学的六重改造

Transformation on Philosophy of Value by Dewey from Six Aspects

在具有普世主义情怀的传统价值哲学看来,价值是与内在的善相关联的,从是中无法推导出应该的概念,价值是客观的而评价是主观的,价值是现成的而非未来的,价值冲突无法得到和解,普世价值是价值哲学的最高诉求。然而,杜威从经验主义、自然主义、工具主义的角度出发,创造性地指出,工具的善与内在的善异名同谓,借助文化习俗和自然方法我们完全可以解决是与应该的二元分裂。价值与评价其实都是客观的,价值不是现成的而是需要我们去发现和创造的,我们完全可以通过评价获得理性的喜欢从而克服价值矛盾问题,任何普遍价值其实都是工具之善,从而消解了终极价值和最终价值的地位失衡。这些回答,对于今天我们解决价值问题,仍然具有重要的借鉴和参考意义。

In the opinion of traditional philosophy of value which has the emotion of universalism,value is related to the inner good and the concept of'Should Be'can't derived from it. Value is objective while evaluation is subjective. Value is existing but not prospective,the conflict of which can't be mediated. Universal value is the uppermost appeal of the philosophy of value. Nevertheless,Dewey,from the aspects of empiricism,naturalism and instrumentalism,creatively points out that the good of instrument and the good of inherence have the same meaning with different name,therefore,in virtue of cultural custom and natural method,we definitely are able to resolve the binary division of 'be'and 'should be'. Value and evaluation are both objective so value is not existing but it requires our discovery and creation. We can overcome the contradictory issue of value by the rational preference through evaluation and all of the universal values are actually the good of instrument thus delete the unbalanced position of ultimate value and final value. All of these answers can provide important reference for us to solve the issue of value today.