中国古代自然审美方法

Three kinds of aesthetic appreciation of nature in ancient China

中国古代自然审美为人类提供了三组自然审美方法:仰观与俯察、观物与游物及感物与体物。前者言对象自然之审美欣赏与环境自然之审美欣赏;中者言静态地欣赏自然与动态地欣赏自然,后者言以自然表达自我与同情式地体验自然对象之命运。其中,游物与感物尤为中国古代自然审美之主导方法。立足于当代环境美学与环境伦理学,此二者自有其主观性与肤浅性之局限,当以观物与体物之法补充、超越之。上述三组方法既突出地体现了中华文化个性,同时对当代人类环境审美具有普遍性借鉴与反思价值。

There are three kinds of aesthetic appreciation of nature in ancient China： the ＂looking-up＂ is for aesthetic appreciation of nature as an object and the ＂ overlooking＂ is for aesthetic appreciation of nature as the environment. The ＂observation＂ means the appreciation of nature statically while the ＂wandering＂ indicates a dynamic process. Finally, the ＂to be moved＂ involves self-expression by na- ture while the ＂experience＂ concerns the compassionate appreciation of the fate of creatures in nature. Among them, the ＂to be moved＂ and the ＂wandering＂ are the main methods for the Chinese people in their aesthetic appreciation of nature. We can find the subjectivity and shallowness of the two as well in terms of contemporary environmental aesthetics and environmental ethics. However the weaknes- ses of the former two can be improved greatly through the ＂observation＂ and the ＂experience＂. The three kinds of aesthetic appreciation of nature in ancient China have their universal value for contem- porary environmental aesthetics because they embody the unique characteristics of Chinese culture.