国家节日的仪式在场及规约——延安新秧歌运动的文化阐释

Settings and Regulations of National Festival Ceremony ——Interpretation of Yan'an New Yangko folk Dance Movement

在传统民间文化与现代政治文化中,庆典或节日仪式作为一种文化表演,是基于一定文化传统对一系列具有象征意义的符号加以程式化的表述性行为。但相对而言,前者具有一种阈限期娱神亦娱人的释放或调整功能,后者则强调特定话语场域政治目标指向中的节制与规范。延安时期的新秧歌运动已经明显地表现了出来了这一特点。伴随新生共和国的建立,陕北秧歌从农村而及城市、从西北边地而及全国的政治文化中心,逐渐成为代表共和国政治文化的红色仪典。新秧歌的这一发展轨迹及其作为国家仪式在一系列革命节日中的在场与规约,不仅凸显了其在国家政治文化和民众节日生活中的特殊地位,也深刻地反映了权威政治话语的力量和上层文化对民间文化的影响,以及特定政党意识形态的文化建构理想。

In traditional folk culture and modern political culture, ceremony or festival ritual is a formu- la expression to a series of symbolic signs based on certain cultural tradition. But comparatively, ceremony has an adjusting function of outlet amusing gods as well as people, while festival ritual emphasizes re- straints and regulations specified by political objectives in a certain utterance context. The New Yangko Folk Dance Movement in Yah＇an Period had already shown the characteristic obviously. As the establish- ment of the new republic, Yangko in northern Shanxi had spread from rural areas to cities, from north- western frontier to the national political center as a red ritual representing national politics and culture. The development of new Yangko and its settings and regulations as a national ritual in a series of revolu- tionary festivals, not only shows its special position in national politics and culture as well as in public fes- tival life, but also reflexes the impact of authoritative utterance and upper class culture on folk culture, and ideological cultural construction ideal of certain political party.