马克思“新唯物主义”对费尔巴哈自然观的超越

On Transcendence of Marxist New Materialism over Feuerbach's Conception of Nature

马克思"新唯物主义"是实践唯物主义。实践是马克思"新唯物主义"哲学的理论基石,是马克思哲学的本质特征。在自然观问题上,马克思"新唯物主义"与费尔巴哈哲学既有相通之处,又有本质差异。马克思"新唯物主义"对费尔巴哈自然观的超越体现在:人化自然对感性自然的超越;人与自然的交互作用对自然之于人的优先地位的超越;实践自然观对感性自然观的超越。马克思"新唯物主义"和费尔巴哈自然观的分歧,源自于两者对自然及人与自然关系的不同理解:费尔巴哈将自然及人与自然的关系理解为感性直观的对象,而马克思"新唯物主义"则将其理解为感性实践活动。

Marxist New Materialism is a practical materialism, and practice is the theoretical cornerstone of New Materialism, the essential feature of Marxist philosophy. On the conception of nature, Marxist New Materialism and Feuerbach's philosophy have both similarities and differences. The transcendence of the former over the later is reflected in the following aspects: the humanized conception of nature over the sensible conception of nature; the interaction of man with nature over the priority of nature to humans; and practical conception of nature over the sensible conception of nature. The differences between the two philosophers' conceptions derived from the different understandings of nature and the relationship between man and nature.Feuerbach regards them as the object of sensible intuition, whereas Marxist New Materialism considers them as the activities of sensible practice.