近代汉语两种特殊宾语及其衰落

Analysis on Decline of Two-type Objects in Modern Chinese

近代汉语有两种具有保留宾语性质的特殊宾语,一种存在于"把"字句中,另一种出现于受事主语句中。其中,"把"字句和受事主语句的谓语动词、宾语和表达功能上有共性,并且是通过隶属成分移位形成的。由于语言的经济性原则的影响和汉语语法规则的干预,这两种特殊宾语在现代普通话中逐渐衰落甚至消失,只保留于部分南方方言中。

In Modern Chinese there exist two special objects represented by Ba- construction and Patient-Subject Construction respectively, originating from the displacement of the subordinating components, and sharing some common features in verbs,objects and functions. But due to the principle of economy and intervention by syntactic rules, they declined and lost their roles in modern Mandarin Chinese, and are retained only in some southern dialects.