试析《诗经》刺谗诗之周礼意蕴

Tentative Analysis of the Implication of the Rite of Zhou's Satires in The Book of Songs

《诗经》中有大量的怨刺诗,是缘于周初吸取殷商暴政亡国的教训,确立以礼治国的策略,广开言路以考政之得失。在这类诗中,刺谗诗虽然数量不多,但却独具一格,迄今尚未见有专题系统地加以论述者。刺谗诗大多为西周末年衰世贵族所作,其主要内容是为谗佞小人画像,揭示出这类人形象猥琐,狡诈阴险,毫无廉耻,为一己之私利,以花言巧语惑乱视听,离间骨肉之情,朋友之谊,挑拨君臣关系,败坏了社会风气,扰乱社会秩序,陷国家于危难之中。刺谗诗作者可能多数为身受谗言之害者,因此言辞激烈犀利辛辣,似不合诗教"温柔敦厚"之旨,但是,以激烈的言辞斥责假恶丑的东西,目的是让人们去追求真善美,斥责奸佞小人的奸诈无耻的言行,也正是为使人们形成温柔敦厚的品格,目的是为了实现社会的和谐。因此,从采编《诗经》的人来看,刺谗诗完全符合周礼的尚中贵和之思想。

There are a lot of satires in The Book of Songs, because Zhou Dynasty try to receive experience a- bout the Shang dynasty＇s perish by establishing the Confucian policy and encouraging freedom of speech to check the political gain and loss. In these songs,although these slanderous irony is not a lot, it is unique. There is no one elaboration in detail so far. The present paper think that slanderous irony songs were writ- ten by the nobility to depict the slanders and ingratiate by revealing this wretched appearance and shame- less person. They drive a wedge hetween family bond,friend bond and monarch. They disturb the social or- der. Thorn Chan poems may be written by most of the victims who suffered slanders. So the words are fierce, sharp and spicy. The purpose is to let people go to the pursuit of beauty by rebuking the Jianning villains for treacherous and shameless deeds. The purpose is to achieve a harmonious society. Therefore, from The Book of Songs and the person concerned, Thorn Slander Poem fully comply with the thought of admiring mediation and harmony in the rites of Zhou.