“孝”词族的文化透视

Cultural Perspectives of the Word Family of“Filial Piety”

文化上的多功能使得"孝"成为汉语史词汇库中较为能产、活跃的词根之一,《汉语大词典》收录150个"孝"系同素词,这个"孝"系词族反映了"孝"文化的若干特点。具体来说,"孝"字本义的个体自发性和实践性决定了三类词的产生:"孝"的本体、行为及感情心性用语。此后随着这一行为的社会化和仪式化,"孝"逐渐引申出社会评价功能和规约功能,并上升到意识形态高度。20世纪后"孝"系词数量的锐减反映了"孝"文化在新的历史条件下被解构。

Cross-functional culture makes ＂Filial Piety＂ become a productive and active stem in Chinese vocabulary history. The Great Chinese Dictionary include 150 words with the same morpheme ＂Filial Piety＂, which reflects some characteristics of filial culture. To be more specific, the spontaneity and practicalness of the original meaning of ＂Filial Piety＂ has led to three types of words： subject, action and feelings. Then with the socialization and ritualization of this action, ＂Filial Piety＂ has gradually been extended to social evaluative and binding functions, and rose to ideology. Since the twentieth century, the sharp decrease of the number reflects the fact that ＂filial piety＂ culture has been decon- structed on the new historical conditions.