1986—2012年霍林河流域湿地时空格局变化及驱动力

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Wetland Patterns in Huolin River Basin of 1986-2012

选择霍林河流域为研究区域,基于RS、GIS技术和数学模型,研究1986—2012年霍林河流域湿地时空格局变化。结果表明:1986—2012年霍林河流域的湿地面积呈现不断减少的趋势,其中2000—2012年湿地面积丧失最显著,且破碎化严重,湿地空间格局变化较大区域主要集中在霍林河流域中下游。湿地转出面积大约是转入面积的6倍,其中湿地转化为耕地面积最多,盐碱地转化为湿地的贡献率最大。霍林河流域湿地全局空间相关性、高-高自相关类型和低-低自相关类型都有先增加后减少的趋势,高-高自相关类型有向东部下游扩张的趋势,低-低自相关类型有向中游和东南部下游扩张的趋势。湿地质心总体由西北向东南移动22.5 km,标准椭圆长轴所在的东-西方向,湿地分布相对较多。人为垦殖是近30 a霍林河流域湿地变化的主导因素。

By RS, GIS and mathematical model, we studied the spatial and temporal variation of wetland in Huolin River Basin of 1986-2012. The wetland area has the trend of decrease in 1986-2012, especially in 2000-2012. The wetland pattern changes significantly in the middle and lower reaches of Huolin River Basin, and the marsh fragmentation is very critical. The implementation areas are six times than the transferred areas, the wetland turns into farmland most, and the saline and alkaline land turns to wetland obviously. The spatial autocorrelation of Huolin River Basin, the high-high autocorrelation and low-low autocorrelation have the trend of increase-decrease, but the high-high autocorrelation has the extension trend to eastern lower reaches, and the low-low autocorrelation has the extension trend to middle reaches and southeastern lower reaches. The wetland centroid moves 22.5 km from northwest to southeast. There are more wetlands than other areas in the standard elliptic axis. The primary factor for wetland change is human cultivation during the last 30 years.