多元动态之读写理论:阅读战争之后美国阅读理论的走向

Multidynamic Literacy Theory:A New Theoretical Stance of American Early Childhood Literacy Instruction Philosophy

自20世纪70年代以来,关于什么是最好的儿童早期读写教育的理念与方法问题,美国技巧导向教学模式与全语言模式的支持者展开了激烈争论,史称"阅读战争"。随后,平衡取向的读写理论兴起,缓和了二者的冲突,但相关的争论和研究并没有停止。在对各种理论系统研究和"扬弃"的基础上,多元动态之读写理论成为阅读战争之后又一新的派别。该理论要求用高质量的文学作品来直接地教学必要的读写技能、示范阅读理解的策略及通过师生之间、同伴之间的互动来建构意义,力求"一箭三雕",这对克服我国幼儿园和小学程序化、技巧化的语文教学有着重要启发。

Since the 1970s, there has been a controversy - ＇ reading war＇ , on what is the best way to teach early childhood literacy between the skill - based approach supporters and the whole lan- guage approach supporters in American language education area. Although the balanced literacy ap- proach has alleviated somehow the conflicts between the two, the controversy continues. Based on systematical research and reflections, recently some researchers have put forward a multidynamic lit- eracy theory. They put authentic children＇ s literature as a focus of early childhood literacy instruc- tion and require to teach directly the necessary literacy＇ s skills, to demonstrate comprehension strategies and to construct meaning in the course of the teacher - children＇ s discussion on litera- ture, which has rich implication to language education in kindergarten and primary school in China.