市场失灵与《行政许可法》——《行政许可法》的法律经济学分析

Market Failure and Administrative License Law:Law and Economics Analysis of Administrative License Law

市场失灵是划分政府与市场关系的边界,也是政府行政许可的理论基础。《行政许可法》设计和安排的特许、普通许可、核准、认可和登记制度,应致力于解决和应对市场失灵产生的垄断与市场势力、信息不对称、负外部性和公共产品问题。《行政许可法》立法体现出框架性、原则性和模糊性的特点而缺乏操作性,故必须结合实体法律法规中的具体许可,解决市场失灵问题。随着政府与市场的互动,市场机制与行政许可的范围、内容与措施也在调整变化。

Market failure is the boundary between government and market, which is also the theo- retical basis of administrative license. The design and regime of special license, simple license, authori- zation, approval and registration in Administrative License Law should be dedicated to solving the prob- lems of monopoly, information asymmetry, externality and public goods caused by market failure. The framework, principle and ambiguous stipulations in Administrative License Law makes the law lack of operability, thus substantive law with specific licenses should be involved to solve the problems of mar- ket failure. In addition, the market mechanism and the scope, contents and measures of administrative license shall change as the interaction between government and market zoes on.