遵义地区儿童肺炎支原体感染流行病学及耐药研究

A Study on Epidemiology and Drug Resistance of Mycoplasma pneumonia Infection in Children in Zunyi Area

目的了解遵义地区肺炎支原体（MP）感染流行病学及耐药特征。方法收集近2年住院的急性下呼吸道感染患儿2520例，用被动凝集法检测MP-IgM，咽拭子MP快速培养及药敏试验检测。结果MP感染总阳性率27．18％，其中男21．78％，女32．19％，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；MP感染率〈1岁组7．58％，1～3岁组21．48％，3～6岁组28．91％，6～13岁组37．25％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；春季26．95％，夏季20．76％，秋季27．98％，冬季34．15％，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；耐药率从高到低依次为克拉霉素、罗红霉素、克林霉素、红霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素、阿奇霉素、左氧氟沙星、加替沙星、司帕沙星。结论本地区MP感染女童多于男童；学龄儿童感染率较高；冬季感染率较高；大环内酯类耐药率克拉霉素最高、阿奇霉素最低；喹诺酮类药敏感。

Objective To understand the Zunyi area of Mycoplasma pneumoniae （MP） infection epidemiology and resistance characteristics. Methods The hospital nearly 2 years of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children in 2520 cases were collected, with passive agglutination assay for detection of MP-IgM, throat swab the rapid MP culture and drug sensitive test. Results The total positive rate of MP infection was 27.18%, including male 21.78%, female 32.19%, the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）; the infection rate ofMP 〈 1 group 7.58%, 1 - 3 years old group 21.48%, 3 - 6 years old group 28.91%, 6 - 13 years old group was 37.25%, the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.01）; 26.95% in spring, summer autumn winter 20.76%, 27.98%, 34.15%, the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.01）. The order from high to low as clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, acetylspiramycin, azithromycin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin and sparfloxacin in drug resistance rate. Conclusion Girls were at higher risk of MP infection in local region than boys, the rate of infection was higher for school-age children, meanwhile there was a higher infection rate in winter, the resistance rate of clarithromycin in macrolide was the highest, azithromycin was the lowest of the resistance rate.