技术移民、寻租与经济增长

Skilled Migrants,Rent-Seeking and Economic Growth

发展中国家向外的技术移民会影响其经济绩效,但这种影响并不是单一的。本文构造了一个内生的职业选择模型,如果个体在从事寻租活动和从事生产性活动之间进行职业选择,且生产性技能更适合移民,那么一个向寻租更少的发达国家移民的前景会减少原籍国寻租活动的相对预期收益,这势必降低个体选择寻租职业的吸引力,原籍国这种国内人才配置改善的收益可能超过人才流失的损失。然而,一旦考虑到内生性保护,移民的有益影响可能被削弱,甚至移民有益论不再成立。在内生性保护下,如果移民概率取决于人力资本积累,那么熟练劳动力流出对原籍国有害,移民的"说教效应"消失。

Skilled migrants from developing countries will affect the economic performance of the original country,but this effect is not a single result.This paper establishes a model of endogenous career choice.If the individual chooses careers between productive activity and rent-seeking activity, and productive skills are more suitable for migrating,then a positive probability of migrating to a safer country can reduce the attractiveness of rent-seeking career,and this benefit of improvement in the domestic talent allocation may exceed the loss of brain drain.However,once given endogenous protection,the beneficial effects of migration may weaken or even disappear.Under endogenous protection,if the probability of migration depends on human capital accumulation,the migration of skilled labor will be harmful for the original country,then preaching effect disappears.