深圳市中小学生饮水知识、态度及行为调查

Knowledge,attitude and practice on drinking water of primary and secondary students in Shenzhen

目的调查深圳市中小学生饮水相关"知识-态度-行为"现状。方法采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,抽取深圳市三所学校832名中小学生作为调查对象。采用问卷调查的方法收集学生饮水相关知识、日常饮水时间及不同情况下选择的饮品类型等信息。结果调查对象中认为白水是日常生活中最应该喝的饮品的占87.3%;女生(90.6%)高于男生(84.4%),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=7.13,P=0.0089)。饮水不足对健康有危害的知晓率为84.5%,小学生、初中生、高中生分别为73.9%、94.2%、96.4%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=73.77,P<0.0001)。63.7%的学生认为晨起空腹饮水有利于身体健康,46.3%的学生认为感到口渴时饮水有利于健康。日常饮水时间中,感到口渴时饮水的比例最高(63.7%),晨起空腹次之(50.6%)。白水的饮用比例在学校最高(83.4%),其次为家里(64.1%)和公共场所(26.2%)。分别有45.2%和53.3%的学生选择含糖饮料为最喜欢的饮品和公共场所最常饮用的饮品。结论深圳市中小学生饮水的认知情况较好,但与其行为不一致,对饮品的选择存在很多误区,需加强健康饮水知识的宣传教育。

Objective To investigate the status on drinking water related knowledge, attitude and practice of primary and secondary students in Shenzhen. Methods All 832 primary and secondary students from three schools in Shenzhen were selected by using multi-stage random sampling method. The information of drinking water related knowledge, time of drinking water and the type of drink chose in different situations were collected by questionnaires. Results 87.3% of students considered plain water being the healthiest drink in daily life, and the percent in girls （90.6%） was significantly higher than that in boys （84.4%） （χ2 =7.13, P =0. 0089）. The awareness percent of the harm of dehydration was 84.5%. The percent in high school students （96.4%） was significantly higher than that in primary （73.9%） and middle school students （94.2%） （χ2 = 73.77, P 〈 0. 0001）. 63.7% of students considered that the healthiest time of drinking water was in the morning with an empty stomach, and 46.3% chose when they felt thirsty. However, 63.7% drank water when they felt thirsty, and 50.6% drank water in the morning with an empty stomach. The percent of drinking plain water at school was the highest （83.4%） , followed by at home （64. 1% ） and in public （26.2%）. There were 45.2% and 53.3% of students, respectively, choosing sugary drinks as their favorite drink and most frequently drinking in public places. Conclusion Primary and secondary students in Shenzhen have a good awareness of drinking water, which is inconsistent with their practice. Meanwhile, a considerable proportion of students towards choosing drinks have many misconceptions. The education of healthy drinking water should be strengthened.