约翰·济慈与自然:一种生态批评的探究——入乎其内的外在性、出乎其外的内在性与生成的动态性分析

Interiorising Exteriorities,Exteriorising Interiorities: An Ecocritical Inquiry on John Keats

生态学(自然/环境意识)对约翰·济慈的艺术成长和成熟产生了重要影响。济慈诗歌中自然意象的内化与外化首先不能从浪漫主义观念论的超验经验视点予以分析与阐释,而是要看作他为赢得艺术或美学声名而不断奋斗的影响因素。自然与创作冲动紧密相连,而这种连接又改善了诗人心灵中智识与哲学的架构。这种生态—心理—美学的对话立场提升了济慈意识中的构成档次,更重要的是提供了一种针对解构主义批评(它拆解了所有借助于现象学和阐释学话语解读济慈诗文的努力)的对抗性话语。鉴于济慈诗歌的特征并非自我封闭而是动态开放,他的自然诗也就为审美憧憬中的有益延宕提供了例证。

This paper examines and analyses the impact of ecology （nature/environmental consciousness） on John Keats＇s artistic growth and maturity. Keats＇s interiorisation and exteriorisation of nature imagery is construed and interpreted not primarily from the view point of transcendental experience in Romantic idealism, but as a contributing element in his unending struggle to achieve artistic/aesthetic fame. There is a strong link between nature and the creative impulse, and this link improves the intellectual and philosophical frame of the poet＇s mind. This eco-psycho-aesthetics advances important strands of Keatsian consciousness, providing most importantly a counter discourse to deconstructionist criticism which dismantles any recourse to phenomenological and hermeneutic discourse to his poetry and prose. His nature poetry demonstrates a constructive deferral of aesthetic longing given that his poems are not characterised by self-enclosures but open-endedness.