高校毕业生就业压力及就业心理危机感调查

Investigation on employment pressure and employment mental crisis among college graduates

目的分析高校毕业生就业压力、就业心理危机感及应对的关系,探讨应对策略和机制。方法采用自制大学生就业压力调查问卷、应付方式问卷、症状自评量表(SCL-90),分两个时间段测查了452名、415名毕业生。结果女生在就业环境[(21.88±3.69)分]、岗位要求[(18.26±3.19)分]的压力显著高于男生(P<0.05)、农村生源的就业环境压力[(21.68±4.05)分]、个人内在因素体验[(27.28±6.12)分]、社会与家庭支持的压力感[(10.82±3.12)分]显著高于城镇生(P<0.01);普通学生的个人内在因素体验压力感高于学生干部(P<0.01)。毕业生除人际敏感和其他因子外,8个症状因子均高于全国青年常模(P<0.01);第2次调查中,就业环境压力与人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对因子相关程度更为明显(P<0.05);个人内在因素体验、心理体验压力与各症状因子均显著相关(P<0.01);逐步回归分析显示解决问题(t=-3.331)和自责因子(t=6.265)在就业压力心理症状评定中有较大影响(P<0.01)。结论毕业生就业压力、压力应对与心理危机感关系密切,就业指导应建立针对性工作机制。

Objective To analysis employment pressure, mental crisis among college graduates, and explore cop- ing strategy and mechanism. Methods By using self-designed employment pressure questionnaire, coping style question- naire, symptom checklist 90 （ SCL-90 ） , 452 and 415 graduates were investigated in two times. Results The pressure scores of employment environment （121.88 -＋3.69） and position requirements （ 18.26 ±3. 19） in female was significantly higher than that of male （P 〈0. 051）. The scores of employment environment （21.68±4. 05）, personal internal factors ex- perience （27.28 ±6. 12 ）, social and family support pressure （ 10. 82 ± 3.12 ） in rural students were significantly higher than that of urban students （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Personal internal factors experience stress in ordinary students was higher than that of student cadres （P 〈0.01 ）. Except interpersonal sensitivity and other factors, scores of 8 symptom factors in graduates were higher than that of national youth norm （P 〈 0.01 ）. In second survey, employment environment pressure was more ob- viously associated with interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility factor （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Personal internal factors experience, psychological experience stress were correlated with various of symptoms factors significantly （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Step- wise regression analysis showed that dealing problem （t = -3. 331 ） and self blame factor （t = 6. 265 ） had great influence in the assessment of employment pressure and psychological symptoms （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion Employment pressure and coping style are related with psychological crisis among graduates, employment guidance should be established.