职业教育评估:美国的经验与启示——以美国《全国生涯与技术教育评估》为例

The Vocational Education Assessment: American Experience and its Inspirations——Taking“National Career and Technical Education Assessment”as an Example

"教育改革关乎国家安全"的担忧与使命、《政府绩效和结果法案》推动下的"绩效"评估浪潮,历年来美国职业教育政策和法律法规对"评估"的强调,是推动美国职业教育评估不断专业化、科学化和规范化的重要外部力量。全美生涯与技术教育评估为我们深入了解美国职业教育评估的实施机构、评估方法、评估内容和策略、评估模型及评估保障条件等要素组成的评估运行机制提供了极具代表性的案例。

There are three external forces which have promoted the professional, scientific and standardized development of vocational education assessment in the United States, the first one is the concerns and mission for ＂Education reform is a matter of national securi- ty＂, the second one is the wave of performance assessment driven by the ＂Government Per- formance and Results Aet＂, the last one is the stress on the vocational education assess- ment demanded by the laws of the United States over the years. The ＂National Career and Technical Education Assessment＂ can be regarded as a typical example for us to deeply un- derstand the operating mechanism which consist of factors, such as agencies that imple- ment assessment, the methods of assessment, the contents and strategies of assessment, the models of assessment and the guarantee conditions of assessment in American vocation- al education.