种植密度对蓝蓟光合特性和产量的影响

Effect of Plant Density on Photosynthetic Characters and Yield of Echium vulgare

以蓝蓟为试材,采用裂区试验设计,以种植行距(30、60cm)为主区,株距(10、15、20、25、30cm)为裂区,研究了大田环境下不同种植密度对蓝蓟光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明:在行距30cm、株距25cm(T4)和行距60cm、株距20cm(S3)情况下,蓝蓟各光合特性指标数值相互接近;随着株距的增高,光合指标增长缓慢,随着冠层的增高,光合速率呈增长趋势,T4和S3二者群体叶面积指数相似,S3时叶面积指数(LAI)小高峰出现于鼓粒期(9月7日),晚于T4时的盛花期(7月27日);随着密度的增加,百粒重和单株籽粒数逐渐降低,产量总体逐渐减少(T5(行株距30、30cm)、S4(行株距60、25cm)、S5(行株距60、30cm)除外);T4和S3处理产量显著高于其它株距配置,表明高产最终取得的是群体产量的提高,而不仅是单株个体产量的增加,产量随种植密度增加到一定程度后不再增加,说明T4和S3是蓝蓟合理的栽培密度。

Experimental treatments applied by a split plot design with Echium vulgare as test material, row spacing（30, 60 cm） factor was assigned to the main plot and plant spacing （10,15,20,25,30 cm）factor was assigned to the subplot to investigate the influence on photosynthetic characteristics of Echium vulgate, and density on yield and yield components in the field conditions were studied. The results showed that,the index values of photosynthetic characteristics in either case T4 and S3 were isometric each other, as plant spacing of increased, the index values of photosynthetic characteristics grew slowly;as the canopy increased, photosynthetic rate with an increasing trend; both T4 and S3 were similar to the leaf area index（LAD, the LAI little spikes of S3 at the seed filling stage, and was later to the full-bloom stage of T4. Yields of T4 were higher than other plant spacing configuration significantly, S3 production was significantly higher than other configurations too. As the density increased, 100-kernel weight and number of Kernels per plant decreased,the overall yield also decreased （exclude T5 （row and plant space 30,30）, S4（row and plant space 60,25）, S5 （row and plant space 60, 30））. T4 and S3 yield factors significanty increased,it showed that high output eventually yield enhancement, rather than just individual yield of per plant increased. With the density increased to a certain extent,yield did not increase. T4 and S3 were Echium vulgares-reasonable planting density.