适宜寒地直播栽培的圆葱品种筛选

Screening of Onion Varieties Suitable for Direct Seeding Cultivation in Cold Region

以4个圆葱品种为试材,研究比较了寒地直播栽培条件下各品种的生育期、植物学性状和经济效益,以期筛选出适宜牡丹江地区直播的品种。结果表明:4个品种直播栽培均能正常生长并成熟,达到商品性,但表现各异;"北星"的平均单果重(152.5g)、产量(58 652.2kg/hm2)、净收入(53 255.7元/hm2)最高,直播栽培较育苗栽培增收了7 093.9元/hm2;"北京引"的商品率低、耐储性差,收益尚可;"卡木依"商品率高、耐储性好,收益稍低;"长福"商品率最差。因此"北星"的商品性、产量、收益、耐储性等综合性状表现最好,是直播首选品种,"北京引"、"卡木依"可备选,"长福"不建议种植。

Taking four onion varieties as materials, the growth period, botanical character, economic benifit were analyzed by direct seedling cultivation, in order to filter out the suitable varieties in Mudanjiang. The results showed that four varieties could grow normally, get mature and reach commodity, however, performance of difference. ＇Beixing＇ （average weight was 152.5 g,yield was 58 652. 2 kg/hm2 ,net income was 53 255. 7 yuan/hm2） were the maximum among four varieties,direct seedling cultivation overcharged 7 093. 9 yuan/hm2. Commodity rate of ＇Beijing Yin＇ was low,with poor storability and moderate income; ＇Kamuyi＇ with high commodity rate, good storability, but income was lower. The performance of＇Changfu＇ was the worst. It could be concluded that, the integrated commodity traits, yield, earnings, storability were the best of ＇Beixing＇ and it was the preferred varieties for direct seeding cultivation, ＇Beijing Yin＇ and ＇Kamuyi＇ could be an alternative, ＇Changfu＇ was not recommend for planting.