布尔加科夫小说的空间意识

The Sense of Space in Bulgakov's Works

布尔加科夫的小说中都呈现出了有规律的空间对立。封闭空间和外部空间之间的冲突,既是自由与极权的对抗,也是永恒理念和庸俗现实的交手。布氏笔下的封闭空间恰是福柯所谓的与乌托邦呈镜像关系的"异托邦"。而这种二元空间对立发展到《大师与玛格丽特》时有了救赎式的飞跃,出现了"第三空间"。这意味着布尔加科夫的写作技巧和人生观均有了极大的提升。

There are regular space opposites in a series of Bulgakov＇s works. The conflict between the enclosed space and the outer space reflects the opposite between freedom and totalitarianism as well as the fight between the eternal ideas and the vulgar reality. The enclosed space described by Bulgakov is just ＂Heterotopias＂ hav- ing the mirror image relationship with Utopia. And the opposite development of binary space has a salvation leap in Master and Margaret with the appearance of Third Space＂. The emergence of the ＂Third Space＂ means that Bulgakov＇s writing skills and outlook on life have been greatly improved.