制度嵌入性与民族旅游社区参与——基于对泸沽湖民族旅游社区的案例研究

Institutional Embeddability and Ethnic Tourism Community Participation: A Case Study of the Ethnic Tourism Community of Lugu Lake

本文运用新经济社会学所创立的"制度嵌入性"分析框架,对泸沽湖民族旅游社区两个典型的社区参与制度——即"家屋制度"与"人头制度"是如何嵌入具体的社会情境中从而发挥预期作用这一问题进行了探讨。研究发现:正式制度、非正式制度影响社区参与制度的构建;行动主体通过社会网络开展社会交往,构建并维系社区参与制度;行动主体在制度构建中体现出较强的能动性;社会网络受制于制度背景,两个社区构建出的社区参与制度有所差异。鉴于上述发现,本文提出了从借用社区的非正式制度、重视既有的社会网络、推动民族旅游社区的精英治理、发挥行动主体的积极性等4个方面更好地构建社区参与制度。

This paper takes the institutional embeddedness analytical framework of new economic sociology to discuss how two typical community participation systems （ Household system and capita system） in minority nationality regions of Lugu Lake embed in specific institutional contexts work and finally produces the desired effect. It argues that the integrative development of community and tourism is the key to the realization of institutional embeddedness in tourism community participation in minority nationality regions, and expects to further the theoretical studies on the mechanism and system of the ethnic community participation, as well as arouses the awareness that governments should respect the local tradition, and strengthen both humanistic care and favorable policies of host community.