维生素C对中华蜜蜂幼虫发育及工蜂生存能力的影响

Effects of Vitamin C on Development of Larvae and Viability of Worker Bees for Apis cerana cerana

本试验旨在研究维生素C对中华蜜蜂幼虫发育及工蜂生存能力的影响。试验分为蜜蜂幼虫和工蜂饲养试验2部分。蜜蜂幼虫饲养试验：将800只1日龄中华蜜蜂幼虫随机分为5组，每组8个重复，每个重复20只。其中，对照组（Ⅰ组）饲喂基础饲粮（维生素 C 含量为1.6 mg/kg），4个试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加10（Ⅱ组）、20（Ⅲ组）、30（Ⅳ组）、40 mg/kg （Ⅴ组）维生素C的试验饲粮。工蜂饲养试验：将1日龄中华蜜蜂工蜂分成4组，每组6个重复，每个重复24 g（约300只）。其中，对照组（Ⅵ组）饲喂1∶1的糖水，3个试验组分别在1∶1的糖水中添加50（Ⅶ组）、500（Ⅷ组）、2500 mg/kg（Ⅸ组）的维生素C。结果表明：在幼虫发育阶段，随维生素C含量的增加，6日龄幼虫、3日龄蛹和刚羽化蜜蜂的体重均先增加后降低，且均表现为Ⅱ和Ⅲ组显著高于对照组（ P＜0.05）；幼虫的化蛹率、羽化率与体重有相似的变化趋势；铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Cu/Zn-SOD）基因相对表达量也随维生素C含量的增加先上升后下降，且各试验组6日龄幼虫和3日龄蛹Cu/Zn-SOD基因的相对表达量均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。在工蜂生存能力方面，随着维生素C含量的增加，工蜂的平均寿命先增加后下降，且各试验组均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05），各试验组之间也存在显著差异（P＜0.05）；工蜂的存活率随着维生素C含量的增加先上升后下降；3、9、15日龄工蜂Cu/Zn-SOD基因的相对表达量均随着维生素C含量的增加而减少。由此得出，中华蜜蜂幼虫人工饲粮中维生素C的适宜含量为11.6～21.6 mg/kg；饲粮中维生素C含量对中华蜜蜂工蜂的生存能力有影响。

The objective of this experiment was to explore the effects of vitamin C on the development of larvae and the viability of worker bees for Apis cerana cerana.The experiment contained 2 parts： larvae and worker bees’ feeding trails.Larvae bees’ feeding trail：eight hundred larvae for Apis cerana cerana were ran-domly distributed into 5 groups with 8 replicates in each group and 20 larvae in each replicate.The larvae in control group （ group Ⅰ） were fed a basal diet containing 1.6 mg/kg vitamin C, and those in 4 experimental groups were fed experiment diets supplemented with 10 （ group Ⅱ） , 20 （ group Ⅲ） , 30 （ group Ⅳ） and 40 mg/kg （ group Ⅴ） vitamin C, respectively.Worker bees’ feeding trail：one-day-old worker bees for Apis cerana cerana were distributed into 4 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 24 g （ about 300 bees） in each replicate.The worker bees in control group （ groupⅥ） were fed a 1∶1 sweet water, and those in 3 experimen-tal groups were fed 1∶1 sweet water supplemented with 50 （ group Ⅶ） , 500 （ group Ⅷ） and 2 500 mg/kg （ group Ⅸ） vitamin C, respectively.The results showed as follows： during the development stage of larvae, the body weight of 6-day-old larvae, 3-day-old pupae and new-emerged bees was increased firstly and then de-clined with the increase of vitamin C content, and that in groupsⅡandⅢwas significantly higher than that in control group （ P〈0.05） .The pupation rate and eclosion rate of larvae showed trends similar with body weight. Moreover, the relative expression level of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase （ Cu/Zn-SOD） gene was also increased firstly and then declined with the increase of vitamin C content, and the relative expression level of Cu/Zn-SOD gene of 6-day-old larvae and 3-day-old pupae in experimental groups was significantly higher than that in con-trol group （ P〈0.05） .In the aspect of viability of worker bees, the average lifespan of worker bees was in-creased firstly and then decreased with the increase of vitamin C content.The average lifespan of worker bees in experimental groups was significantly higher than that in control group （P〈0.05）, and there was significant difference among experimental groups （ P〈0.05） .With the increase of vitamin C content, the survival rate of worker bees was increased firstly and then decreased, while the relative expression level of Cu/Zn-SOD gene of 3, 9 and 15-day-old worker bees was decreased.In conclusion, the suitable contents of vitamin C in the artifi-cial diet of larvae for Apis cerana cerana are 11.6 to 21.6 mg/kg;dietary vitamin C content has a great effect on the viability of worker bees for Apis cerana cerana.