2008—2012年中俄西部边境地区双边鼠类及其携带蚤类调查

Investigation on species of murine and carried fleas near the SinoRussian western border

目的了解中俄西部边境(中国内蒙古满洲里—俄罗斯后贝加尔斯克)地区鼠类及其携带蚤类情况,为进一步掌握鼠疫宿主动物和媒介的演变规律提供数据。方法 2008—2012年,每年8、9月对满洲里和后贝加尔斯克地区采用夹日法和夹夜法捕鼠,对捕获的各种鼠类进行疏蚤,对鼠类及其携带的蚤分类鉴定,并进行病原检测。结果中方满洲里地区捕获鼠类249只,经鉴定隶属于2目6科8属8种,蚤类3科8属13种。优势鼠种为达乌尔黄鼠,优势蚤类为方形黄鼠蚤、光亮额蚤。达乌尔黄鼠的染蚤率(98.46%)及染蚤指数(12.66)最高,其次是五趾跳鼠(12.50、90.00%)。俄方后贝加尔斯克地区捕获鼠类324只,经鉴定隶属于2目6科8属9种,蚤类3科11属13种。优势鼠种为达乌尔黄鼠。优势蚤类为方形黄鼠蚤、光亮额蚤。达乌尔黄鼠的染蚤指数最高(5.86),其次是黑线仓鼠(2.05)。五趾跳鼠的染蚤率最高(100%),其次是达乌尔黄鼠(71.43%)。结论中俄满洲里—后贝加尔斯克地区鼠类及携带蚤类构成不同,鼠类染蚤指数及染蚤率均有所不同,中俄双方鼠类中存在汉坦病毒感染。

Objective To get a better understanding of evolution regularity of plague host animals and vectors base on species of mice and fleas near the Sino-Russian border （Manzhouli, China and Zabaikalsk, Russia）. Methods From 2008 to 2012, Day trapping and Night trapping were used to catch mice at the areas of Manzhouli and Zabaikalsk in August and September every year. Then mice and fleas collected from mice were classified and used to do pathogen detection. Results A total of 249 mice were caught at the area of Manzhouli, and identified as 2 orders 6 families 8 genera 8 species. Flea were classified as 3 families 8 genera 13 species.The dominant species of mouse and flea were Spermophvlus dauricus, CiteUophilus tesquorum and FrontopsyUa luculenta. The flea-carrying rate （98.46）and flea index（12.66%） of S. dauricus was highest, then Allactaga sibirica. At the area of Zabaikalsk, totally 324 mice were caught, and indentified as 2 orders 6 families 8 genera 9 species. Flea were subjected to 3 families 11 genera 13 species. The dominant species of mouse and flea was Spermophvlus dauricus. The flea index of S. dauricus （5.86） was more than others, Cricetulus Barabensis was in the second place. The flea-carrying rate ofA. sibirica （100%） was the highest, then S. dauricus. Conclusion Species composition of mice and fleas is different between areas of Manzhouli and Zabaikalsk, also the flea-carrying rate and flea index. And the results of pathogen detection show that mice both in China and Russia were infected byHantavirus.