青岛地面太阳总辐射变化特征及影响因子分析

Variation of Surface Total Solar Radiation and Influencing Factors in Qingdao

利用青岛市2003年8月～2011年8月的太阳辐射观测资料及常规气象地面观测资料，采用双标图分析、相关分析等统计方法，研究了地面太阳总辐射的变化特征及其影响因子。结果表明：青岛地面太阳总辐射呈现春季最大，夏秋季次之，冬季最小的季节变化特征；大气透射率夏季最小，其他3个季节相差不大。双标图分析及相关分析表明：总云量、能见度及相对湿度是辐射的主要影响因子，其中总云量对辐射变化起重要作用，能见度次之，相对湿度的影响最小。云对辐射有强的衰减作用，且低云的影响相对中高云大；实际大气中相对湿度和能见度对辐射的影响主要反映在两因子对云量的影响上，排除云的影响后相对湿度和能见度对辐射的衰减相对小，且不同云量条件下表现不同，云量较大时透射率随着相对湿度和能见度的变化较为明显。青岛地面太阳辐射受风向影响明显，盛行风为东南风的情况下，大气透射率较盛行风为西北风的情况下要小，且冬、春、秋3季节的大气透射率受风向影响大，夏季受风向影响小。

GGE Biplot and Correlation analysis were used to investigate the variation of surface solar radiation and impact factors with surface observational data from 2003 to 2011 in Qingdao. The results show that the surface solar radiation reaches maximum in spring, followed by summer and autumn, and minimizes in winter. The atmospheric transmissivity is minimal in summer, however, its variations in other seasons are not obvious. As the main impact factors of radiation, total cloud cover has a great influence on it, meanwhile, atmospheric visibility and relative humidity take effect in sequence. The cloud tends to attenuate the solar radiation obviously, and the influence of low cloud is stronger than high or middle cloud. Nevertheless, the influence of relative humidity and atmospheric visibility on the solar radiation is mainly on the cloud. Eliminating the influence of cloud, the weakening effect of relative humidity and atmospheric visibility on radiation is relatively weak. Relative humidity and atmospheric visibility play an important role on the variation of radiation when the amount of cloud is large. Furthermore, the wind direction affects the surface radiation significantly. The atmospheric transmissivity is lower under southeast wind than that under northwest wind. The influence of wind on atmospheric transmissivity is strong in winter, spring, and autumn while weak in summer.