指导喉癌患者家庭康复干预的方法与效果分析

Guidance of rehabilitation at home in patients with laryngeal carcinoma

目的 探讨指导喉癌患者家庭康复干预的方法与效果.方法 96例喉癌患者按随机数字表法分对照组和干预组各48例,住院期间接受常规护理及健康教育,干预组还接受出院后家庭康复干预指导,包括成立护理干预组、制订家庭康复干预流程、制订个性化家庭康复计划、培训患者和照顾者掌握营养、运动、气道保护及护理等相关知识和技术,介绍无喉组织活动经验、进行定期复诊和进行随访6个月等.采用《自我护理能力评定量表》评价两组出院后1周、3个月、6个月家庭康复及自我护理能力,比较两组术后回院堵管时间及6个月内因并发症重复住院率.结果 干预组家庭康复及自我护理能力评定各维度得分均高于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 对喉癌患者实施家庭康复指导能提高自我护理能力,促进早日康复,改善整体生活质量.

Objective To explore the effect and methods of the guidance of the rehabilitation at home in patients with laryngeal carcinoma.Methods 96 patients with laryngeal carcinoma were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group,48 cases for each group.Both groups received routine nursing care and health education during hospitalization.In addition,after discharge,the intervention group received the guidance of rehabilitation at home,including the establishment of nursing intervention group,formulating the process of rehabilitation at home,formulating the individualized plan rehabilitation at home,training the patients,and helping the patients have command of the knowledge and/or technology of nutrition,exercise,airway protection and care,etc,were introduced the experience of no laryngeal tissue activity,demanded to re-visit the doctor regularly,followed up for 6 months.The abilities of rehabilitation at home and self care of both groups were evaluated 1 week,3 months,and 6 months after discharge by ＂self nursing ability scale＂.The postoperative tube-blocked times and re-hospitalization rates within 6 months because of complications were compared between the two groups.Results The scores of each dimension in the abilities of rehabilitation at home and self care were higher in the intervention group than in the control group （P ＜ 0.05）.Conclusions Guiding patients with laryngeal carcinoma rehabilitating at home can improve the patients＇ self care ability,promote early rehabilitation,and improve the overall quality of life.