晚清广州府巡检司的地域分布特征初探——以《宣统三年冬季职官录》的记载为中心

A Research on the Regional Distribution Characteristics of the Patrol Division in Guangzhou in the Late Qing Dynasty:Based on the Xuantong Three Years Winter Official Record

巡检司作为明清基层社会的行政管理机构,负责维护着县级以下社会空间的治安和秩序。广州府巡检司的设置在清代中期以前经历了曲折的变动过程,至嘉庆末逐渐趋于稳定。以《宣统三年冬季职官录》为中心来考察晚清广州府巡检司的设置情况,可以发现道光至宣统间广州府巡检司数稳定在35和36个之间。从巡检司的设置数量和地域分布上看,晚清的广州府与广东其他地区相比存在着明显的差异;广州府区内各县之间也呈现出沿海和平原地区分布集中而内陆和山区分布稀疏的地理差异,同时各县巡检司的设置呈现出离心化的特点。

As the administration of the Ming and Qing grassmots social organizations, Patrol Division is responsible for maintaining peace and order in the social space below the county level. The set of Guangzhou Patrol Division experienced a tortuous process changes before the mid-Qing Dynasty, and gradually stabilized till the end of the Jiaqing. Based on ＂Officials record in the winter of the third year in Xuantong＂ to examine the setting of Patrol Division in Guangzhou in the late Qing Dynasty, we can find the number of Patrol Division is stable at between 35 and 36. From the number and geographical distribution, we can see that there is a clear difference between Guangzhou and other areas in Guangdong Province in the late Qing Dynasty; also the distribution shows concentration in coastal and inland plains but sparse distribution in mountain area for geographic differences in the counties in Guangzhou, while the counties Patrol Division setting presents renunciation features. Statistics and comparison on the number of the factor that impact on setting Inspection Division in Guangzhou can help us understand the formation of this distribution pattern.