基于元胞自动机的结伴过街行人流建模与仿真

Model and Simulation of Group Pedestrian Flow on a Crosswalk Based on Cellular Automaton

为实现在行人过街流仿真模型中更全面地考虑行人行走特性,并研究结伴行为对整体过街行人流的影响作用,本文利用元胞自动机建立了考虑结伴行为的行人过街模型.设计阻力参数、方向参数、空格参数、从众参数和结伴参数,来反映行人在过街中心理安全空间、前进、避让换道、从众心理和结伴行为等行走特性.通过计算机仿真实验,得出行人平均速度与时间步的关系数据,并控制过街行人总数及过街行人组成情况得出整体过街时间与过街行人总数的关系数据.研究结果表明,结伴行人平均过街速度一般要低于个体行人,结伴行为会降低行人流整体过街效率,结伴行人比例及结伴群结构都是影响整体过街效率的因素.

To make the pedestrians＇ walking behaviors more comprehensive in the crossing pedestrian flow simulation model,and investigate the effects of group behaviors on the pedestrian flow,a cellular automaton model is presented for crossing pedestrian considering the group behaviors,in which the characteristics of pedestrian are described by resistance-parameter,direction-parameter,empty-parameter,conformity-parameter and group-parameter.The simulation results on different pedestrian numbers and pedestrian formations reveal the effects of group behaviors on the pedestrian flow.It is found that the average crossing speed of group pedestrian is slower than individual pedestrian.Also,group behavior has a negative impact on the total crossing efficiency,in which the group pedestrian proportion and the group structure are key factors.