《关雎·毛诗序》“后妃之德说”之辨析

On " the Virtue of Empresses " of Guanju·Mao's Poetry Preface

《诗经·关雎》篇之前,有一段序言,我们通常称之为《毛诗序》,其曰:"关雎,后妃之德也,风之始也,所以风天下而正夫妇也……"其后无论是郑玄的笺,还是孔颖达的疏,亦或是朱熹的《诗集传》,大体上都是秉承着《毛诗序》"后妃之德"的立论宗旨去解读《诗经·关雎》思想内涵。然而,近代以来,特别是新文化运动以来,一大批受西方文学理论影响的著名学者对"后妃之德"接连发难,余冠英先生《诗经选择》和闻一多先生《风诗类钞》不同意《诗经·关雎》是关于"后妃之德"的"附会"之说,认为它仅仅是一首民间自由情歌,此说影响甚大,深刻影响了人们对《关雎》篇的理解。本文主要从先秦的"隐语"传统、社会文化背景以及文献资料等方面对"后妃之德说"的合理性做出阐释,力图接近与还原《诗经·关雎》立意宗旨和文化内涵。

ThcrcisaprefacetotheBookofSongs？Guanju, whichisusuallyuscdthetcrmofMao＇ spoetry. In the prcface, there goes： ＂ Guanju provides the virtue and＇kindness to all following rulers, improves the characters of ordinary people, and strengthens the state power... ＂ Afterwards, the notes and explanations by Zheng Xuan, Kong Yingda and Zhu Xi, generally followed the general ideas of the Virtue of Empresses of Mao＇ s poetry to make a point of the connotation of the Book of Songs ？ Guanju. Since modem times, however, especially since the new culture movement, a large number of famous scholars, affected by the Western literary theory launched attacks on ＂the virtues of empresses＂ in succession. Mr Yu Guanying and Mr Wen yidno in their perspective disagreed with the opinions of the Book of Songs. The two people thought it was a civil love song only, which made a great impact and a deep influence of many other people＇s understanding of Guanju. Under this background, this paper starts mainly from the Pre-Qin period ＂lingo＂ tradition, and then makes explanations of the rationality of ＂the virtue of empresses＂ with bibliographical information, the purpose of which is to try hard to return the Book of Songs ？ Guanju to its original connotations.