算术策略运用能力的年龄差异:元认知监测与算术知识的作用

The Age-Related Differences of Arithmetic Strategy Use in Calculation: The Role of Metacognitive Monitoring and Arithmetic Knowledge

采用选择/无选法,以估算与精确心算为研究任务,考察了元认知监测与算术知识影响个体算术计算策略选择与执行的年龄相关差异。129名不同年龄儿童与成人被试参加实验。结果发现:(1)算术知识对儿童及成人的估算复杂策略有促进作用,并对提升他们心算策略运用的速度和减少错误有作用;(2)元认知监测显著影响儿童的估算策略选择,能够促进使用最佳策略;(3)算术知识在估算及心算策略执行的年龄差异方面起完全中介作用,元认知监测则在估算策略选择的年龄发展中起部分中介作用;(4)算术知识对元认知监测在估算及心算策略执行上的作用起完全中介作用,而对估算的策略选择则不存在中介作用,这表明元认知监测在估算策略选择上具有举足轻重的地位。

Choice/No-choice method was used to explore the contributions of arithmetic knowledge and metacognitive monitoring in arithmetic strategy use in computational estimation and mental arithmetic during individual development. Total 129 participants took part in the study. The results revealed that： 1 ） arithmetic knowledge had an influence on complex strategy selection in computational estimation for adults and children. It also had an important role in mental arithmetic strategy execution; 2） metacognitive monitoring had a great role in computational estimation strategy selection for children. Selection of best strategy was always higher; 3） a fully mediational effect of arithmetic knowledge on age differences in strategy execution in both computational estimation and mental arithmetic had been found; a partial mediational effect of metacognitive monitoring on age differences in strategy selection in computational estimation was showed; 4） a fully mediational effect of arithmetic knowledge on metacognitive monitoring in strategy execution in both computational estimation and mental arithmetic was showed. But there was no effect on metacognitive monitoring in strategy selection which showed that metacognitive monitoring played unique role in strategy selection in computational estimation.