坏念头,罪几何?意图信息的强弱变化对大学生道德判断的影响

How Much Blame Your “Evil”Intention Deserves? The Strength of Intention Information Modulated Moral Judgment of Undergraduate Students

成人在对他人的行为进行道德判断时,对意图和结果信息的利用存在不稳定的现象。Cushman提出道德判断双加工过程理论,认为当存在重大负性后果时,需要综合考虑意图和结果信息;而当不存在负性后果时,主要关注意图信息。本研究通过句式变化操控意图信息的明显性,分别考察了两组大学生在对道德情景进行判断时意图信息强弱变化所造成的影响,结果发现:(1)对中性行为进行道德判断时,突显负性意图信息后被试会增加道德谴责;(2)对负性行为进行道德判断时,道德谴责程度没有因意图信息明显性的改变而发生显著变化。此研究结果表明,在行为结果为中性时,人们主要利用意图的信息做出道德判断,但此时对负性意图的谴责程度并不稳定,容易受明显性变化的干扰。

It＇s unstable for adults to make moral judgment of others＇ behaviors by using intention and outcomes information. According to the expectation of the two-process theory, Cushman proposed that people should combine the intention and outcome information to make moral judgment when serious negative outcome occurs, however, they will mainly focus on intention information in neutral outcome condition. By changing the pattern of sentences, the present study manipulated the salience of the intention in order to investigate whether or not the strength of intention information will modulate moral judgment of undergraduate students. The results showed that （1） participants made more moral condemnation about the neutral behavior when the negative intention information was emphasized; （2） The moral judgments was not affected by the salience of intention when participants made judgments on negative behaviors. Based on these findings, we argued that the intention information plays key role for moral judgment on neutral behaviors. More importantly, the moral condemnation to negative intention of undergraduate students depends on the salience of intention information.